Sandle

The sandle has come a long way, in evolutionary terms, from the agile bipedal, long-tailed coelurosaur that was its ancestor. The body has become streamlined and covered in smooth fur-like feathers. The clutching hands on the forelimbs and the strong running hind legs have become digging shovels. The scaly head is flat and chisel-shaped, ideal for thrusting its way through the sand as the tough scales prevent abrasion.

The sandle (Fususaurus foderus) is an unusual coelurosaur dinosaur from Dougal Dixon's The New Dinosaurs: An Alternative Evolution. It lives in African deserts and desert scrubs.

Hot deserts are found along the latitudes of the tropics, where air that has risen and lost its moisture at the equator descends and settles dryly over the land. In Africa the deserts are found in the southwestern corner of the continent, and all across the north. The northern desert is so vast and inhospitable that it provides the boundary between the Afrotropical and the Palaearctic ecozones. Nevertheless, despite the harsh conditions, there are some animals that do live here. The small, non-avian coelurosaurs have proved to be adaptable enough to develop forms that are uniquely suited to such an environment; forms such as the sandle and the wyrm.

The days are so hot and the nights so cold that any animal must spend much of its time protected from the extremes. The sandle does this by burrowing in the sand. Its streamlined spindle shape is ideal for a burrowing way of life, since sand grains slide past its smooth contours easily as it tunnels through the dunes, digging and pushing with its stumpy legs. The eyes and nostrils are high up on the head, enabling it to see about and breathe while the rest of the body is buried. Desert animals need to be very careful about water conservation. The sandle never drinks but obtains water from the moist flesh of the prey animals it eats. Its kidneys are very efficient, allowing almost all the moisture to be retained, and secreting any poisonous compounds in a saliva that helps to paralyze and subdue its prey.

The sandle feeds on smaller vertebrates, insects and scorpions. It lies in wait just under the sand, with only its eyes and nostrils showing, and leaps out when the prey comes close.